{"id":1397,"date":"2018-12-05T16:06:01","date_gmt":"2018-12-05T21:06:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/maps\/2018\/12\/05\/responsive-spatial-print-clay-3d-printing-of-spatial-lattices-using-real-time-model-recalibration\/"},"modified":"2025-02-21T13:31:32","modified_gmt":"2025-02-21T18:31:32","slug":"responsive-spatial-print-clay-3d-printing-of-spatial-lattices-using-real-time-model-recalibration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/maps\/2018\/12\/05\/responsive-spatial-print-clay-3d-printing-of-spatial-lattices-using-real-time-model-recalibration\/","title":{"rendered":"Responsive Spatial Print"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/maps\/research\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"2\">Research<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Responsive Spatial Print:<br>Clay 3D Printing of Spatial Lattices Using Real-Time Model Recalibration<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Responsive Print Trajectory\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/yfRu0FuXT3I?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Additive manufacturing processes are typically based on a horizontal discretization of solid geometry and layered deposition of materials, the speed and the rate of which are constant and determined by the stability criteria. New methods are being developed to enable three-dimensional printing of complex self-supporting lattices, expanding the range of possible outcomes in additive manufacturing. However, these processes introduce an increased degree of formal and material uncertainty, which require the development of solutions specific to each medium. This paper describes a development to the 3D printing methodology for clay, incorporating a closed-loop feedback system of material surveying and self-correction to recompute new depositions based on scanned local deviations from the digital model. This Responsive Spatial Print (RSP) method provides several improvements over the Spatial Print Trajectory (SPT) methodology for clay 3D printing of spatial lattices previously developed by the authors. This process compensates for the uncertain material behavior of clay due to its viscosity, malleability, and deflection through constant model recalibration, and it increases the predictability and the possible scale of spatial 3D prints through real-time material-informed toolpath generation. The RSP methodology and early successful results are presented along with new challenges to be addressed due to the increased scale of the possible outcomes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69db5b534199e&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"519\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on-async--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-id=\"2730\" src=\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/maps\/files\/2018\/12\/20180513_213427.png\" alt=\"Picture of light penetration through the printed geometry\" class=\"wp-image-2730\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/maps\/files\/2018\/12\/20180513_213427.png 768w, https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/maps\/files\/2018\/12\/20180513_213427-300x203.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69db5b53420b9&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"510\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on-async--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-id=\"2731\" src=\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/maps\/files\/2018\/12\/DSC_0176.png\" alt=\"Picture of double curved geometry produced by using a closed-loop system\" class=\"wp-image-2731\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/maps\/files\/2018\/12\/DSC_0176.png 768w, https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/maps\/files\/2018\/12\/DSC_0176-300x199.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69db5b53426e0&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"598\" height=\"900\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on-async--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-id=\"2732\" src=\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/maps\/files\/2018\/12\/DSC_0179.png\" alt=\"Another picture of double curved geometry produced by using a closed-loop system, from a different angle\" class=\"wp-image-2732\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/maps\/files\/2018\/12\/DSC_0179.png 598w, https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/maps\/files\/2018\/12\/DSC_0179-199x300.png 199w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 598px) 100vw, 598px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Im, H. C. ; Alothman, S.; Garc\u00eda del Castillo, J. L.: \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/maps\/files\/2025\/02\/Responsive-Spatial-Print_ACADIA-2018-Proceedings.pdf\"><em>Responsive Spatial Print: Clay 3D printing of spatial lattices using real-time model recalibration<\/em><\/a>.\u201d&nbsp;in Re\/Calibration: On Imprecision and Infidelity: Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture, 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Project Team:<\/strong>&nbsp;Hyeonji Claire Im, Sulaiman AlOthman, Jose Luis Garc\u00eda del Castillo y L\u00f3pez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sponsors<\/strong>:&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.kfas.org\/\">Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This paper describes a development to the 3D printing methodology for clay, incorporating a closed-loop feedback system of material surveying and self-correction to recompute new depositions based on scanned local deviations from the digital model.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":2730,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1397","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-portfolio"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - 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