{"id":252,"date":"2025-08-11T21:35:35","date_gmt":"2025-08-12T01:35:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vibe.test\/?p=252"},"modified":"2025-08-23T15:37:15","modified_gmt":"2025-08-23T19:37:15","slug":"childrens-active-and-independent-travel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/2025\/08\/11\/childrens-active-and-independent-travel\/","title":{"rendered":"Children\u2019s Active and Independent Travel"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-88f0857fdc8bad98dfdc5c16977574b2 wp-block-post-title has-text-color has-white-color\">Children\u2019s Active and Independent Travel<\/h1>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ac8c1dfdbf1ca78eaed46ec592e89290\">A primary benefit of non-motorized travel for children is the ability to travel independently from adults. However, both independent travel and non-motorized travel by children have declined in recent decades across multiple countries. Characteristics of the physical, cultural, or policy environment may require children&#8217;s trips to take place by car. Even in contexts where efforts have been made to encourage active travel, explicit requirements or cultural norms requiring children to be accompanied by adults may circumvent those efforts if the choice of mode for children&#8217;s travel depends on whether a child is able to travel independently. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between choice of mode and choice of independence (whether a child travels with a parent). Our preliminary findings confirm previous work by others suggesting that the likelihood of traveling independently and\/or by active modes depends on both the gender of the child and the gender of an available parent. We also find that the likelihood that parents accompany children who are traveling by active modes has increased in recent years and that this change may be driven by some of the same forces that have lead to increasingly car-dependent travel by children. While our initial work has primarily focused on travel by children in the United States, we are currently working on extending this analysis to determine the degree to which our findings are consistent for children\u2019s travel in Denmark.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"844\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/files\/2025\/06\/prob_plots_mode_ind.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-440\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/files\/2025\/06\/prob_plots_mode_ind.png 844w, https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/files\/2025\/06\/prob_plots_mode_ind-234x300.png 234w, https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/files\/2025\/06\/prob_plots_mode_ind-800x1024.png 800w, https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/files\/2025\/06\/prob_plots_mode_ind-768x983.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 844px) 100vw, 844px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d27bb265fcf1caff84242e3de27da658\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ViBE Lab Principal Investigator<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Carole Voulgaris<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Collaborators beyond the ViBE Lab&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Gregory Macfarlane, Brigham Young University<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Anders Fjendbo Jensen, Technical University of Denmark<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ViBE Lab\u00a0Researchers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Aanchal Chopra (MUP \u201825)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Juliana Beekenkamp (MUP \u201824)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sheyla Chevarria (MAUD \u201825)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dawon Oh (DDes \u201826)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-323ba460ccc07e8097f643174b0b9a18\">Related conference presentations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8972bdb0fd4193d88073a062df3e984f\">Voulgaris, C.T., Macfarlane, G.S. &amp; Jensen, A.F. 2024. Children\u2019s Mode Choice and Independence for the Journey to School. <em>17th International Conference on Travel Behavior Research<\/em>. Vienna, Austria. July 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e375dfd678faca559732bf5f9549d409\">Voulgaris, C.T., Macfarlane, G.S. &amp; Jensen, A.F. 2024. Mothers and daughters in cars: Gender, parental escorting, and mode choice for school commutes. <em>Transportation Research Board 7th International Conference on Women and Gender in Transportation<\/em>. Irvine, CA. September 2024<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A primary benefit of non-motorized travel for children is the ability to travel independently from adults. However, both independent travel [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":180,"featured_media":440,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-252","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Children\u2019s Active and Independent Travel - The Laboratory for Values in the Built Environment<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/2025\/08\/11\/childrens-active-and-independent-travel\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Children\u2019s Active and Independent Travel - The Laboratory for Values in the Built Environment\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A primary benefit of non-motorized travel for children is the ability to travel independently from adults. However, both independent travel [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/2025\/08\/11\/childrens-active-and-independent-travel\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Laboratory for Values in the Built Environment\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-08-12T01:35:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-08-23T19:37:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/files\/2025\/06\/prob_plots_mode_ind.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"844\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"8447d663e4a1b5d3@harvard.edu\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"8447d663e4a1b5d3@harvard.edu\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/2025\/08\/11\/childrens-active-and-independent-travel\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/2025\/08\/11\/childrens-active-and-independent-travel\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"8447d663e4a1b5d3@harvard.edu\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/#\/schema\/person\/7df27be383192ac1f09ff2489a8a2d56\"},\"headline\":\"Children\u2019s Active and Independent Travel\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-08-12T01:35:35+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-08-23T19:37:15+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/2025\/08\/11\/childrens-active-and-independent-travel\/\"},\"wordCount\":356,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/2025\/08\/11\/childrens-active-and-independent-travel\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/files\/2025\/06\/prob_plots_mode_ind.png\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/2025\/08\/11\/childrens-active-and-independent-travel\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/2025\/08\/11\/childrens-active-and-independent-travel\/\",\"name\":\"Children\u2019s Active and Independent Travel - The Laboratory for Values in the Built Environment\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/2025\/08\/11\/childrens-active-and-independent-travel\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/2025\/08\/11\/childrens-active-and-independent-travel\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/files\/2025\/06\/prob_plots_mode_ind.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-08-12T01:35:35+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-08-23T19:37:15+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/#\/schema\/person\/7df27be383192ac1f09ff2489a8a2d56\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/2025\/08\/11\/childrens-active-and-independent-travel\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/2025\/08\/11\/childrens-active-and-independent-travel\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/2025\/08\/11\/childrens-active-and-independent-travel\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/files\/2025\/06\/prob_plots_mode_ind.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/files\/2025\/06\/prob_plots_mode_ind.png\",\"width\":844,\"height\":1080},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/2025\/08\/11\/childrens-active-and-independent-travel\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Children\u2019s Active and Independent Travel\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/\",\"name\":\"The Laboratory for Values in the Built Environment\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/#\/schema\/person\/7df27be383192ac1f09ff2489a8a2d56\",\"name\":\"8447d663e4a1b5d3@harvard.edu\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/author\/8447d663e4a1b5d3harvard-edu\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Children\u2019s Active and Independent Travel - The Laboratory for Values in the Built Environment","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/2025\/08\/11\/childrens-active-and-independent-travel\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Children\u2019s Active and Independent Travel - The Laboratory for Values in the Built Environment","og_description":"A primary benefit of non-motorized travel for children is the ability to travel independently from adults. However, both independent travel [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/2025\/08\/11\/childrens-active-and-independent-travel\/","og_site_name":"The Laboratory for Values in the Built Environment","article_published_time":"2025-08-12T01:35:35+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-08-23T19:37:15+00:00","og_image":[{"width":844,"height":1080,"url":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/files\/2025\/06\/prob_plots_mode_ind.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"8447d663e4a1b5d3@harvard.edu","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"8447d663e4a1b5d3@harvard.edu","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/2025\/08\/11\/childrens-active-and-independent-travel\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/2025\/08\/11\/childrens-active-and-independent-travel\/"},"author":{"name":"8447d663e4a1b5d3@harvard.edu","@id":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/#\/schema\/person\/7df27be383192ac1f09ff2489a8a2d56"},"headline":"Children\u2019s Active and Independent Travel","datePublished":"2025-08-12T01:35:35+00:00","dateModified":"2025-08-23T19:37:15+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/2025\/08\/11\/childrens-active-and-independent-travel\/"},"wordCount":356,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/2025\/08\/11\/childrens-active-and-independent-travel\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/files\/2025\/06\/prob_plots_mode_ind.png","inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/2025\/08\/11\/childrens-active-and-independent-travel\/","url":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/2025\/08\/11\/childrens-active-and-independent-travel\/","name":"Children\u2019s Active and Independent Travel - The Laboratory for Values in the Built Environment","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/2025\/08\/11\/childrens-active-and-independent-travel\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/2025\/08\/11\/childrens-active-and-independent-travel\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/files\/2025\/06\/prob_plots_mode_ind.png","datePublished":"2025-08-12T01:35:35+00:00","dateModified":"2025-08-23T19:37:15+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/#\/schema\/person\/7df27be383192ac1f09ff2489a8a2d56"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/2025\/08\/11\/childrens-active-and-independent-travel\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/2025\/08\/11\/childrens-active-and-independent-travel\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/2025\/08\/11\/childrens-active-and-independent-travel\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/files\/2025\/06\/prob_plots_mode_ind.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/files\/2025\/06\/prob_plots_mode_ind.png","width":844,"height":1080},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/2025\/08\/11\/childrens-active-and-independent-travel\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Children\u2019s Active and Independent Travel"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/#website","url":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/","name":"The Laboratory for Values in the Built Environment","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/#\/schema\/person\/7df27be383192ac1f09ff2489a8a2d56","name":"8447d663e4a1b5d3@harvard.edu","url":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/author\/8447d663e4a1b5d3harvard-edu\/"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/files\/2025\/06\/prob_plots_mode_ind.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/252","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/180"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=252"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/252\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/440"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=252"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=252"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.gsd.harvard.edu\/vibelab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=252"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}